On July 27, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen finalised a landmark U.S.–EU trade framework. It establishes a 15% tariff on most EU exports to the U.S., halving the previously threatened 30% tariff, while maintaining 50% duties on steel and aluminium. In exchange, the EU committed to $750 billion in energy purchases and $600 billion in new investments in the U.S., plus substantial military procurement.
On 27 June 2025, the Council of the European Union adopted its negotiating mandate for a major update to the Union Customs Code (UCC). This marks a decisive shift from technical discussions to formal negotiations […]